Director: Yasujiro Ozu
Country: Japan
Year: 1959

BACKGROUND

I’m going away for the weekend, and thus trying to write a shorter article, but I keep getting sidetracked with peripheral stuff I want to include, like this cool series of 80’s-metal-themed director’s t-shirts offered by MondoTees. They make a nice Ozzy/Ozu shirt that you might want to purchase after watching this week’s film, Floating Weeds.

Yasujiro Ozu was born in Tokyo in 1903. At the age of 10, his mother sent him away to live in his father’s home town of Matsuzaka, an event which likely contributed to the theme of familial dissolution so prominent in Floating Weeds and throughout Ozu’s oeuvre.

He directed his first film, The Sword of Penitence (of which there are no known prints) in 1927, and went on to direct 53 films. In 1937, after directing many critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful films, he was conscripted into the Imperial Japanese Army. He served for two years in China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Upon his return to filmmaking, he began to develop and perfect the trademarks of his ascetic style: limited (or no) camera movement, music only during transition scenes, actors filmed head-on during conversations, “pillow shots” of objects or buildings to transition between scenes, low angle photography (the “tatami shot”), direct cuts instead of fades.

His films often re-worked themes and characters from his previous films; today’s film from 1959 is a remake of his own Story of Floating Weeds from 1934. He also recycled actors: Koji (Hideo) Mitsui played the son in the earlier version and plays the thieving Kichi in the 1959 version. Several of his films feature a lovable ne’er-do-well named Kihachi, although in Floating Weeds he is named Komajuro. According to Donald Richie’s Criterion essay, Ozu “referred to himself as a ‘tofu-maker,’ able to make all varieties but unable to make anything else.”

Ozu’s most commercially successful period was from the mid-40’s to 1960, during which he directed most of his acknowledged masterpieces: Late Spring (1949), Tokyo Story (1953), Early Spring (1956), Floating Weeds (1959), and Late Autumn (1960).

Ozu was a notorious perfectionist, hated widescreen composition (which he inexplicably compared to toilet paper), and drank too much. He died in 1963, childless and single to the end. His gravestone is marked with a single character, mu, which means “nothingness.”

SYNOPSIS

I’ve been noticing opening title music on these films recently, and what that music tells us about the movie to follow. In the case of today’s film, the opening music suggests a 1950’s Hollywood melodrama.

There is a beautifully composed shot of a lighthouse on the shore, visually echoed by a bottle in the foreground.

We are in a seaside town. Some folks are in a dockside waiting room, anticipating the arrival of a ferry.

A promoter is tacking up a poster, advertising a theatrical troupe arriving on the incoming ferry. The station master, however, is no fan of that greasepaint samurai kabuki bullshit: “I liked that strip show last month,” he reminisces fondly. “Remember that big girl in the pink?”

“I saw this troupe years ago,” another man responds. “During the war…”

Got the setup? Creaky old theatrical troupe arriving in a small town, where they have an as-yet-undisclosed history (they were here during the war, after all), and their potential customers would rather see some good ol’ T and A.

There is a camera shot from the deck of the ferry, showing us the boats and docks passing. This, apparently, is the only camera movement in any of Ozu’s six color films. Even then, the camera is rigidly mounted to the deck of the boat, and there’s no panning or zooming or anything, so I’m not sure it counts as “camera movement” but anyway: There it is. The rest of the film consists of nothing but carefully-composed static shots.

Finally, we see the poster:

KOMAJURO ARASHI AND HIS TROUPE PLAYING AT THE AIOI THEATER

The members of the troupe march through town to the theater, playing music and dancing, children following like rats following the Pied Piper.

I laughed when one kid broke off from the pack to take a whiz behind a barrel. I can’t imagine seeing that in a U.S. film from 1959. If anyone can think of an example proving me wrong, I’d love to hear about it.

Several of the actors are now walking through the town, handing out two-for-one coupons. One boy demands more of the coupons. “You have a pretty sister?” the actor asks. The boy admits that he does, so the actor gives him another coupon. When the boy adds that his sister is only twelve, the actor angrily grabs the coupon back, thereby setting up one of the film’s major themes: Actors are Horny 24-7, Bro.

Komajuro confers with the impresario, the troupe unpacks in the town theater, and their manager travels on ahead, to secure an engagement in the next town along the kabuki circuit.

As unsophisticated small-town folk are wont to do (at least, unsophisticated small-town folk in the movies), shopkeepers and housewives are gossiping about the new arrivals: “He used to perform around here, didn’t he?” “Is he the leading man?” “He’s pretty old.” “She’s so pretty.” “I hear he shot a man in Reno just to watch him die.” And so on.

The leader of the troupe, Komajuro, visits Oyoshi, an older woman who owns a restaurant. He orders sake, and she warms it in a pot of hot water.

From their halting conversation and the awkward silences, we can only assume that they were once lovers. One time, I went to Denny’s with some friends, and our waitress turned out to be the first girl I had ever kissed, many years earlier. Super uncomfortable, I can tell you. That was kind of like this scene, except it turns out that Komajuro and Oyoshi actually have a reason to talk: they have a son. His name is Kiyoshi, he’s college-bound and physically fit, and he doesn’t know that his father is a randy actor in a flea-bitten kabuki troupe.

Oyoshi seems to be lobbying for full disclosure, but Komajuro disagrees: “Let it stay this way.” (Meaning: let him continue to think I am merely his uncle.)

We all know this will end in tears, right? I kept thinking of how this movie would be marketed today, what the trailer would look like. There would be slo-mo shots of each of the characters, each one fading to black, and then that annoying voiceover guy would say something like: “Over the next 24 hours, secrets will be revealed, promises will be broken, and the life of one man… will change forever.”

Kiyoshi arrives, smart and handsome as promised. Komajuro marvels at how much he has grown: “They’d have drafted you back then,” he muses, one of several indirect references to WWII.

Kiyoshi says he will come see the play. “Forget it,” declares his father/uncle. “It’s not meant for you. It’s nothing high-class.” “Why show such plays?” asks Kiyoshi, sensibly. “Show something better.”

Komajuro and Kiyoshi make a plan to go fishing together.

That night, we see part of the troupe’s act, including lots of that growling, shouting, caterwauling imperative kabuki dialogue: “You, noted sword, thoroughly tempered by the famous Yoshikane of Kaga, cleansed in the brook from the perpetual snow! You, at least, will guard me well!” (etc.)

At seemingly random intervals, this is punctuated by the offstage clicking of wooden dowels, or a shrieking trill on a wooden flute. I keep reminding myself that these folks would be just as mystified (and irritated) if they were dropped into the audience at, say, a Rush concert.

Which reminds me: “The Big Money” is an awesome song.

The male actors look out from behind the curtain, spying on the women they flirted with earlier in the day. “Look! The barber’s daughter!” “Where?” “Behind the fat woman eating a bun!” “She’s nice. A real find.” As previously noted: Actors? Horn-dogs.

The audience looks sparse, but Komajuro tries to put a positive spin on things: “Big house tonight!”

“Not very,” replies his mistress, Sumiko. “Not for an opening.”

Komajuro will not allow his buzz to be killed: “It will get better!” he proclaims, as he strides triumphantly onstage to the throttled shrieking of wooden flutes.

During the day, the actors continue their pursuit of the women in the town, but – in a cringe-inducing recurring joke – nobody wants the horse-faced woman with the bad teeth.

The unfortunate actor trying to put the moves on the barber’s daughter gets stuck instead with the barber’s fat and unhappy wife, who insists on giving him a shave. When we next see our intrepid actor, he has a large bandage on his cheek.

Komajuro fishes with his son/nephew, Kiyoshi.

In direct defiance of his father’s wishes, Kiyoshi attended the previous night’s performance. He was not impressed: “I think you overdid it. You really mugged it up.” Furthermore, “…that character has no meaning now.” Ouch.

Komajuro tries to change the subject: “I heard you want to go to college.”

Later, Sumiko suspiciously asks where Komajuro spent his afternoon. When he claims that he spent it fishing with the other actors, Sumiko turns to the lollygagging actors for confirmation. “Yeah, he caught a blowfish,” they tell her, laughing. “A great big puffer.”

Sumiko is not to be trifled with, however, and she soon extracts confirmation of her jealous fears: Komajuro has an old girlfriend in town, and he has been visiting her. Now, as far as you and I know, Komajuro and Oyoshi are just sharing old memories and warm sake, like in Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, but hell hath no fury, etc., so Sumiko begins to plot her revenge.

The next day, Komajuro plays chess (or is it GO?) with his son/nephew, at Oyoshi’s Diner. Sumiko shows up to confront him. Things get ugly, and Komajuro drags Sumiko into the rainy street, where they continue sparring.

Sumiko reminds him that she has saved his sorry ass several times: “Remember Okaya? Toyokawa? Each time you got stranded… I had to appeal to the impresario on all fours!” (ed. note: Wha…?)

To which Komajuro responds: “You were working as a waitress in a cocktail bar, when I met you!” What’s more, he adds: “I picked you out, I shook you up, and turned you around, turned you into someone new!” (I’m paraphrasing.)

Infuriated, Sumiko pays the beautiful young actress Kayo to seduce Kiyoshi. Kayo, apparently no stranger to diabolical sexual manipulation, invites Kiyoshi to come see her after the show, if you know what I mean, and he does. Know what she means, I mean. Sexual Intercourse!

The actors are sitting on the beach, hungry, pondering their future. “Remember that girl from Handa?” exclaims one. “I got a letter!” “I got one, too,” replies the second actor. “You mean the one with the mole?” asks the third. “I got one, myself.”

I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again – Actors: HORNY.

They wonder where the manager went. “If he doesn’t come back, we’ll be stranded again.” The show, apparently, was a flop; there will be no more performances here in… whatever town we’re in.

Unbeknownst to Komajuro and Oyoshi (keep up now), Kiyoshi and Kayo continue to see each other. “At first, I was just leading you on,” admits Kayo. “I’m not really a good girl. Not good enough for you.”

Komajuro sits with his old lover Oyoshi, preparing to leave for Shingu. Oyoshi says that she would like to visit Shingu, but Komajura counsels against it: “No relative of yours remains there. Everything changes…”

Oyoshi asks Komajuro about the strange angry woman who burst into her restaurant a few nights previous with all those crazy accusations, but wily old Komajuro avoids her questions. “You think I’m jealous?” she demands, frustrated by his evasion. “I know better than that. I know you’re a fast worker.”

As before, she recommends full disclosure, but Komajuro refuses: “He must never know. He’d be unhappy.”

Walking back to the theater, he sees Kiyoshi and Kayo making with the kissy-face and realizes that he may as well put a proverbial quarter in his ass, he got played so thoroughly. He confronts Kayo, wild-eyed. “Are you trying to seduce him? I know what a slut like you would try!”

After he threatens to break her arm, Kayo tells him everything, proving that the bleeding-heart liberals are dead wrong: apparently, torture does produce actionable intelligence.

Komajuro then confronts Sumiko, and by “confronts” I mean that he slaps her several times and then calls her a slut. Now, I don’t claim to be familiar with all of the cultural norms operating here, but I’m just going to go out on a limb and say that Komajuro turned out to be kind of an abusive jerk.

“You tried to ruin my son!” he continues.

“A great boy he is, with an actress for a mistress! Like father, like son!”

“Grrr!”

“Angry? Serves you right! Life’s a lottery. You can’t always be lucky.”

Komajuro has no retort to this homily, so he returns to his favorite theme: “You slut!”

Weirdly, Sumiko is now trying to make up with him: “You kept that woman from me. Think how I felt. Now we’re even. We’re stranded. Let’s not quarrel.”

Komajuro sits fuming in front of his mirror, his world collapsing around him.

In town, the actors hang out with the women, who don’t seem to be as interested now that they have no money. The manager, supposedly setting up their next gig, has gone to ground.

Desperate, two of the actors talk about the possibility of stealing the boss’s money:

“…are you actually talking about this, or are we just…”

“No, we’re just…”

“We’re just ‘talking’ about it.”

“We’re just speaking about it. As an idea.”

“As an idea.”

“Yes.”

“We’re not actually talking about it.”

“No.”

“Talking about it as a…”

“No.”

“As a robbery.”

“As a ‘robbery’?! No.”

“Well. Well…”

Actually, that’s from Glengarry Glenn Ross. Completely different movie. In any case, they are scolded by another member of the troupe, Kichi: “An ungrateful man is not a human being!” Ashamed, they abandon their evil plan. That night, Kichi robs the troupe blind and cuts town.

Later, the troupe settles up with the impresario. Attendance was poor; there is only enough for their rail fares. The mood is heavy. The actors drink sake and discuss their future plans – pickle factory worker, student, etc.

“The troupe’s breaking up,” acknowledges Komajuro. “But I want you to remember me sometimes.” We hear a train whistle in background, foreshadowing their departure.

Komajuro says goodbye to his old lover, and finds that his son has disappeared – with Kayo, to the surprise of no one who’s been paying attention. Turns out Kiyoshi and Kayo spent the night making sweet, sweet love in a nearby Travelodge. Kayo, however, feels some remorse: “You told me you wanted to go to college. Go home like a good boy. Forget about a girl like me.” But Kiyoshi holds her tightly, and the train leaves, and they are still together.

Back at the restaurant, Komajuro and Oyoshi await the return of Kiyoshi and Kayo.

Again Oyoshi implores, “Tell him everything. Tell him.”

Komajuro reflects upon the breakup of his kabuki troupe, his estrangement from his mistress, his rapidly receding hairline, his lack of funds… and suddenly settling down with his ex-lover – not to mention a steady supply of restaurant-grade sake – is sounding pretty good.

The young lovers return, and Komajuro tries to reason with them, primarily by screaming “whore!” and striking them about the neck and head. Before too long, Kiyoshi has had enough of this, and throws Komajuro to the ground. “Don’t you know who this is?” cries his mother. “He didn’t want you to know that you were an itinerant actor’s son. He worked hard and sent me the money for your schooling.”

“You told me my father died,” Kiyoshi replies coldly. “I believed it. I still believe it. I don’t want a father!”

After Kiyoshi retreats huffily to his bedroom, Komajuro sits on the floor, rubbing his bruised head and reflecting on the sorry state of his life.

“On second thought, I’m not going to settle down. Let me leave tonight as though I’m still his uncle. Next time I come back here, I’ll be a good actor he can be proud of. Then we’ll celebrate my success and be happy.”

Inexplicably, Kayo offers to come with him, but Komajuro refuses. He apologizes for scolding her, but sorta glosses over that part where he called her a whore and slapped her repeatedly, and that other time when he threatened to break her arm. Maybe the Japanese word that translates as “scold” includes all of that. In any event, he leaves. Kiyoshi starts to run after him, but Oyoshi stops him. “Each time he came to town, ever since you were a baby, he left like this. It’s alright. But only if you can really become somebody.”

Komajuro and his estranged mistress Sumiko are the only people in the train station. He takes out a cigarette, but finds that he has no light. Sumiko approaches on her knees and offers a light, but he petulantly resists.

“I don’t know where to go now,” says Sumiko. “Do you have any plans?”

He mentions a possible startup opportunity in a previously-untapped kabuki market, and she asks if there might be room for a beautiful and subservient female in the proposed startup. They reconcile.

On the train, Sumiko pours sake for Komajuro. The lights of the train recede into the night.

WHAT I LIKED

As previously noted, each shot is a meticulously-composed masterpiece; this is a wondrous film to look at. The acting is tremendous and believable all around; Ganjiro Nakamura as Komajuro and Machiko Kyo as Sumiko are particularly memorable. I loved the seaside village architecture, with its stone terraces, heavy wood timbers, and rice paper screens. I have a soft spot for those museum-piece-beautiful yet absurdly elaborate traditional Japanese dresses worn by Sumiko and Kayo. I liked the backstage camaraderie and intrigue, which reminded me of the intoxicating milieu surrounding drama productions back in high school.

WHAT I DIDN’T LIKE SO MUCH

Well, about that static shot thing… after a while, it felt downright stifling. Sometimes artistic limitations can be the mother of invention; when the Dogme 95 auteurs came up with their prohibitive Ten Commandments (No overdubbed music or sound effects, no mounted cameras, no composite shots, etc.), it was an attempt to force themselves into finding new ways of doing things. But Ozu’s long-term adherence to his “static shots only” rule is clearly a stylistic decision. While he and his cinematographer compose beautiful images, I would rather look at those images in a coffee-table book. I want my movies to move! (pounds fist on podium)

Second, and more important complaint: Yikes, the sexism in this film was pretty loud, even to my jaded and not-particularly-enlightened ears. The ostensible hero of the piece has a nasty habit of beating and screaming “slut!” at the women in his life. I don’t have a problem with showing this behavior in a film; some men are exactly like this. But in this case, the film itself doesn’t seem to believe that there’s anything particularly bothersome about his behavior. Time after time, Komajuro treats women badly, only to have them respond by apologizing to him. I’m so glad I didn’t ask Robin to watch this one with me…

SHOULD YOU SEE IT?

Fan of Ozu or Japanese film in general, lover of great color cinematography, enjoy stories about acting troupes and the attendant backstage intrigue? Yes, you should probably see Floating Weeds. Rampant, unremarked misogyny of a main character would significantly detract from your enjoyment of a film, and nothing in the “yes” list really applies to you? Nah, you can probably skip this one.

Next: Forbidden Games